Chanjyow

CHANJYOW YN LYTHERENNANS

Chanjyow soedhogel yn lytherennans gwrys a-dhia dhyllans 1997 a'n Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn. Y koedh gul devnydh anedha yn dyllansow Biblek nowydh y’n termyn a dheu, mes ny vydh ‘Corrigenda’ gorrys yn lyvrow hwath dhe vos gwerthys. Leverewgh dhyn mar pleg mar kodhowgh a janjyow erell: skrifewgh mar plek dhe bibelkernewek. An re merkys gans * re beu kommendys a-gynsow, mes ny wodhon mar pydhons degemmerys.

Dehwel dhe folennow erell a'n amendyansow:
        Dehwel dhe folennow erell a'n amendyansow:
        Testament Koth
        Aweylyow hag Oberow
        Epystlys ha Diskwedhyans
        Global changes

*dens	dyns
*dorn masc	dorn fem
*dughan etc	duwan
*ryal	ryel
ryw	ruw
*sens	syns
*ystynna v.n.	ystynn v.n.
awktour	awtour
brewi	brywi
brewyon	brywyon
buluk (-genn)	buthuk (-genn)
bynari	bynnari
bynytha	bynitha
chaptras pl.	chapters
dehwelans	dehwelyans
diharas	dihares
domhwelans	domhwelyans
dug 'duke'	duk
dustunya etc	dustunia
dustunyer	dustunier
dustunyow	dustuniow
dyewa	dyena
Dyw	Duw
gas (Eng. gas)	gass
glorius	gloryus
glyw 'intense'	gluw
gonysyas	gonisyas
gorhemmynnis(3rd pers. sing. past)	gorhemmynnas
gormeula:	eu>e in unstressed (e.g. final) position, but eu when stressed.
gwahalieth	gwahalyeth
gwir vreus	gwirvreus
gwibes	hwibes
gwibessa	hwibessa?
gwystel	goestel
gyw 'lance', gew 'woe'	guw
heudhter	heudhder
kader	kasor ‘warrior’
kampoella	kampoell
kaskergh	kaskyrgh
kenwystel	kenwoestel
klas	klass
kolomm (collective)	kolomm (fem sing.; pl. -es)
kowethas masc	kowethas fem
kreftor	krefter
kyf (Eng. stump)	kev
kyfya	kyfi
lyter	lytras
maghtethyon	meghtythyon
medhyk	medhek
ombareusi	eu>e in unstressed (e.g. final) position, but eu when stressed. Presumably this applies also in pareusi.
peldroes	pel-droes
plosethes	plosedhes
Penkost	Penkast (Lhuyd 3x - AB32, 116, 241 - mes gwell via skrifa Penkost y'n Bibel (TH44a du fencost, aspirated after 'dydh'), rag bos henna ogassa dhe'n Greka)
plu	pluw
podrethek	podredhek
podrethes	podredhes
poket	pokket
provochya	provokya
pryson etc	prison
puptra	pup-tra
revya	roevya
reydh	reyth ‘right, regular’
reyth	reydh ‘sex’
rywvanes	ruvanes
rywvaneth	ruvaneth ?
seren	oferenn
sylli pl. syllies	syllienn -ow
tenewenn	tenewen -now
terros	terroes
tevysek	tevesik
toth	toeth
trelya	treylya
treweythyow	traweythyow
tryg	trig ‘low tide’
tryga etc	triga
vydh ‘any, ever’	vyth; also denvyth, dhenvyth travyth, dravyth etc.
vydholl	vytholl
warbarth	war-barth
ynyal	enyal

Dehwel dhe'n topp

Leveryans Ewn: Notenn rag Tus a Vynn Lenna yn Poblek.
HIRDER BOGALENNOW:
The normal rule is that in a stressed syllable followed by two consonants the vowel is short. Before a single consonant it is either:
(a) long, in a monosyllable or the stressed final syll. of a polysyllable; or
(b) half long in the stressed punultimate (or earlier) syll. of a polysyllable.

Note the following:

s + one consonant is preceded by a long or half-long vowel as if the pair were a single consonant, e.g.: distowgh, dyskans, grastal, gwisk, gwiska, hwesker, keskows; kestav, kostenn, Kristyon, system.
Consonant + semi-consonant y count as a single consonant, preceded by a half-long vowel in a polysyllable, e.g.: dehwelyans, delinyans,diskwedhyans, displesya, displetya, gevyans, kemmeryans, kessydhyans, kisya, kolodhyon, megyans, travalya, tremenyas. But semi-consonant w appears to count as a full consonant for this purpose, so prysweyth, myttinweyth are short. Yet sybwydh is half long.
Before a single semi-consonant w the vowel is short: golowi, growan, gwiw, gwiwer, Kernewek, kevywi, kewar, lywyer, sawer, towell. But before y, An Gerlyvrik appears to regard y as forming a diphthong, and not as a semi-vowel: araya,assaya, gwaya, obaya.
Before a final consonant pair separated by an epenthetic (helping) vowel (svarabhakti). the vowel is short: banow, edhen, hager, hwedhel, hwerow, lader, marow, medhow, salow, sidhel, tarow. But An Gerlyvrik shows galow, garow, gwedhow, hweger, karow, lyver as half long (why? Is it an error? They are in the list on p.74 of PSRC.)

RELEXIVE OM-
This is pronounced as o in stress: omdowl, omladh, omdhoen/omdheg ‘conceive’.
When not stressed it is pronounced as the indistinct vowel schwa (as e in English bitten): omguntell, omwul, omdhoen/omdhug ‘behave’.
When half stressed it is pronounced as o: omdhisoedha, omdhiskwedhes, omdhiserri, omgemmeryans.

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Dehwel dhe'n topp